Publications of Jonathan Gratch

Emotion

|

Virtual Humans

|

Social Planning

|

Intelligent Agents

|

Adaptive Problem Solving

Emotion and Social Modeling

• Jonathan Gratch, Stacy Marsella and Paolo Petta. Modeling the Antecedents and Consequences of Emotion. Journal of Cognitive Systems Research, vol 10(1), 2009, pp. 1-5
• Jonathan Gratch, Stacy Marsella, Ning Wang, Brooke Stankovic. Assessing the validity of appraisal-based models of emotion. International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction. Amsterdam, IEEE, 2009. *Best paper award* (slides)
• Stacy Marsella, Jonathan Gratch, Ning Wang, Brooke Stankovic. Assessing the validity of a computational model of emotional coping. International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction. Amsterdam, IEEE. 2009. (slides)
• Celso de Melo, Jonathan Gratch. Expression of Emotions using Wrinkles; Blushing; Sweating and Tears. 9^th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, Amsterdam. 2009. *Best paper finalist*
• Celso de Melo, Liang Zheng, Jonathan Gratch. Expression of Moral Emotions in Cooperating Agents. 9^th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, Amsterdam. 2009.
• Celso de Melo and Jonathan Gratch. The Effect of Color on Expression of Joy and Sadness in Virtual Humans. International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction. Amsterdam, IEEE. 2009.
• Ning Wang and Jonathan Gratch. Rapport and Facial Expression. International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction. Amsterdam, IEEE. 2009
• Ning Wang and Jonathan Gratch. Can a Virtual Human Build Rapport and Promote Learning? 14th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education. Brighton. 2009
• Sin-Hwa Kang, Jonathan Gratch, James Watt. The Effect of Affective Iconic Realism on Anonymous Interactants’ Self-Disclosure. International Conference for Human-Computer Interaction (CHI-2009), Boston, 2009.
• Sin-Hwa Kang, James H. Watt, Jonathan Gratch, and Ning Wang. Associations between interactants’ personality traits and their feelings of rapport in interactions with virtual humans. The 59th Annual Conference of the International Communication Association. Chicago, 2009.
• Stacy Marsella and Jonathan Gratch, EMA: A Model of Emotional Dynamics. Journal of Cognitive Systems Research, vol 10(1), 2009, pp 70-90
• Wenji Mao and Jonathan Gratch. Modeling Social Inference in Virtual Agents. Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Society. (in press).
• L.-P. Morency, I. de Kok and J. Gratch. Context-based Recognition during Human Interactions: Automatic Feature Selection and Encoding Dictionary. 10th International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces (ICMI 2008), October 2008 *Best paper award*
• Louis-Philippe Morency, Iwan de Kok, Jonathan Gratch. Predicting Listener Backchannels: A Probabilistic Multimodal Approach. 8^th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, Tokyo, Japan, September 2008 *Best paper award*
• Vadim Bulitko, Steven Solomon, Jonathan Gratch and Michael van Lent. Modeling Culturally and Emotionally Affected Behavior. Fourth Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, Stanford, CA, October 2008
• Sin-Hwa Kang, Jonathan Gratch, Ning Wang, James Watts. Agreeable People Like Agreeable Virtual Humans. 8^th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, Tokyo, Japan, September 2008
• Sin-Hwa Kang, Jonathan Gratch, Ning Wang, James Watt. Does Contingency of Agents’ Nonverbal Feedback Affect Users’ Social Anxiety? 7^th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems. Estoril, Portugal. May 2008
• Jonathan Gratch, Ning Wang, Jillian Gerten, Edward Fast and Robin Duffy. Creating Rapport with Virtual Agents. 7^th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, Paris, France 2007
• Sejin Oh, Jonathan Gratch and Woontack Woo. Explanatory Style for Socially Interactive Agents. 2^nd International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction, Lisbon, Portugal 2007
• Gratch, J., Wang, N., Okhmatovskaia, A., Lamothe, F., Morales, M and Louis-Philippe Morency. Can virtual humans be more engaging than real ones? 12th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, Beijing, China 2007
• Jonathan Gratch, Stacy Marsella, Wenji Mao. Towards a Validated Model of "Emotional Intelligence. Twenty-First National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI06). Boston, MA. 2006
• Jonathan Gratch, Anya Okhmatovskaia, Francois Lamothe, Stacy Marsella, Mathieu Morales, R. J. van der Werf and Louis-Philippe Morency. Virtual Rapport. 6th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, Marina del Rey, CA, 2006
• Stacy Marsella, Sharon Carnicke, Jonathan Gratch, Anya Okhmatovskaia and Albert Rizzo. An exploration of Delsarte's structural acting system. 6th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, Marina del Rey, CA, 2006.
• Wenji Mao and Jonathan Gratch. Evaluating a Computational Mode of Social Causality and Responsibility. in 5^th International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, Hakodate, Japan, 2006
• Stacy Marsella and Jonathan Gratch. EMA: A computational model of appraisal dynamics. in Agent Construction and Emotions, Vienna, Austria 2006
• Jonathan Gratch and Stacy Marsella. The Architectural Role of Emotion in Cognitive Systems. in Integrated Models of Cognitive Systems, Wayne Gray (ed.), Oxford University Press, 2007.
• Jonathan Gratch, Wenji Mao and Stacy Marsella, “Modeling Social Emotions and Social Attributions,” in Cognitive Modeling and Multi-Agent Interaction, Run Sun (ed.), Cambridge University Press, 2006, pp 219-251
• Wenji Mao and Jonathan Gratch, "Social Causality and Responsibility: Modeling and Evaluation," 5th International Conference on Interactive Virtual Agents, Kos, Greece, 2005 (slides)
• Jonathan Gratch and Stacy Marsella, "Evaluating a computational model of emotion," Journal of Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (Special issue on the best of AAMAS 2004), 11(1), 2006, pp. 23-43
• Jonathan Gratch and Stacy Marsella, "Some Lessons from Emotion Psychology for the Design of Lifelike Characters," Journal of Applied Artificial Intelligence (special issue on Educational Agents - Beyond Virtual Tutors), vol. 19(3-4), 2005, pp. 215-233
• Jonathan Gratch and Stacy Marsella, "A Domain-independent framework for modeling emotion, " Journal of Cognitive Systems Research, Volume 5, Issue 4, 2004, pp. 269-306
• Jonathan Gratch and Stacy Marsella, "Evaluating the modeling and use of emotion in virtual humans," in Proceedings of the Third International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, New York, New York, 2004 (slides)
• Wenji Mao and Jonathan Gratch, "Social Judgment in Multiagent Interactions," in Proceedings of the Third International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, New York, 2004
• Wenji Mao and Jonathan Gratch, "The Social Credit Assignment Problem," in 4th International Working Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, Kloster Irsee , Germany 2003
• Jonathan Gratch and Stacy Marsella, "Fight the Way You Train: The Role and Limits of Emotions in Training for Combat," in The Brown Journal of World Affairs. Vol. X (1), Summer/Fall 2003. pp 63-76
• Stacy Marsella, Jonathan Gratch and Jeff Rickel, "Expressive Behaviors for Virtual Worlds," Life-like Characters Tools, Affective Functions and Applications, Helmut Prendinger and Mitsuru Ishizuka (Editors), Springer Cognitive Technologies Series, 2003 (PDF)
• Stacy Marsella and Jonathan Gratch, "Modeling Coping Behavior in Virtual Humans: Don't Worry, Be Happy," in 2nd International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, Melbourne, Australia, July 2003 (PDF)
• Jonathan Gratch and Wenji Mao, "Automating After Action Review: Attributing Blame or Credit in Team Training," in 12th Conference on Behavior Representation in Modeling and Simulation, Scotsdale, AZ, May 2003 (PDF)
• Stacy Marsella and Jonathan Gratch, "A Step Towards Irrationality: Using Emotion to Change Belief," in Proceedings of the 1st International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, Bologna, Italy, July 2002 (PDF)
• Stacy Marsella and Jonathan Gratch, "Modeling the influence of emotion on belief for virtual training simulations," in Proceedings of the 11th Conference on Computer-Generated Forces and Behavior Representation, Orlando, FL, May 2002.
• Jonathan Gratch and Stacy Marsella, "Tears and Fears: Modeling emotions and emotional behaviors in synthetic agents," in Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Autonomous Agents, Montreal, Canada, June 2001 (PDF)
• Stacy Marsella and Jonathan Gratch, "Modeling the Interplay of Emotions and Plans in Multi-Agent Simulations," in Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Edinburgh, Scotland, 2001 (PDF)
• Stacy Marsella, Jonathan Gratch, and Jeff Rickel, " The Effect of Affect: Modeling the Impact of Emotional State on the Behavior of Interactive Virtual Humans," in Proceedings of the Agents2001 Workshop on Representing, Annotating, and Evaluating Non-Verbal and Verbal Communicative Acts to Achieve Contextual Embodied Agents, Montreal, Canada, June 2001
• Jonathan Gratch and Stacy Marsella, "Modeling Emotions in the Mission Rehearsal Exercise" in Proceedings of the 10th Conference on Computer Generated Forces and Behavioral Representation, May 2001
• Jonathan Gratch, "Emile: Marshalling Passions in Training and Education," in Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Autonomous Agents, Barcelona, Spain, June 2000 (postscript) (PDF)
• Jonathan Gratch, "Modeling the interplay between emotion and decision making: Proceedings of the 9th Conference on Computer Generated Forces and Behavioral Representation, May 2000
• Jonathan Gratch, "Why you should buy an emotional planner," Proceedings of the Agents'99 Workshop on Emotion-based Agent Architectures (EBAA'99) (PDF)

Virtual Humans

• David Traum, Jonathan Gratch, Stacy Marsella, Jina Lee, Arno Hartholt. Multi-party, Multi-issue, Multi-strategy Negotiation for Multi-modal Virtual Agents. 8^th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents. Tokyo, Japan, September 2008
• Patrick Kenny, Thomas Parsons, Jonathan Gratch, Albert Rizzo. Evaluation of Justina: A Virtual Patient with PTSD. 8^th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents. Tokyo, Japan, September 2008
• Patrick Kenny, Thomas D. Parsons, Jonathan Gratch, Anton Leuski and Albert A. Rizzo, “Virtual Patients for Clinical Therapist Skills Training,” 7^th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, Paris, France 2007
• William Swartout, Jonathan Gratch, Randall Hill, Eduard Hovy, Stacy Marsella, Jeff Rickel and David Traum, “Toward Virtual Humans,” in AI Magazine, v.27(1), 2006
• R. M. Maatman, Jonathan Gratch and Stacy Marsella, "Natural Behavior of a Listening Agent, " in 5th International Conference on Interactive Virtual Agents, Kos, Greece, 2005 (slides)
• David Traum, William Swartout, Stacy Marsella and Jonathan Gratch, "Fight, Flight, or Negotiate: Believable Strategies for Conversing under Crisis,” in 5th International Conference on Interactive Virtual Agents, Kos, Greece, 2005
• David Traum, Jeff Rickel, Jonathan Gratch and Stacy Marsella, "Negotiation over Tasks in Hybrid Human-Agent Teams for Simulation-Based Training," in 2nd International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, Melbourne, Australia, July 2003
• Jonathan Gratch, Jeff Rickel, Elisabeth André, Norman Badler, Justine Cassell, and Eric Petajan, "Creating Interactive Virtual Humans: Some Assembly Required," in IEEE Intelligent Systems July/August 2002, pp. 54-63
• Jeff Rickel, Stacy Marsella, Jonathan Gratch, Randall Hill, David Traum and Bill Swartout, "Towards a New Generation of Virtual Humans for Interactive Experiences," in IEEE Intelligent Systems July/August 2002, pp. 32-38
• Randall Hill, Younjun Kim, and Jonathan Gratch. Anticipating Where to Look: Predicting the Movements of Mobile Agents in Complex Terrain. in Proceedings of the 1st International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, Bologna, Italy, July 2002.
• Swartout, W., Hill, R., Gratch, J., Johnson, W.L., Kyriakakis, C., Labore, K., Lindheim, R., Marsella, S., Miraglia, D., Moore, B., Morie, J., Rickel, J., Thiebaux, M., Tuch, L., Whitney, R. Toward the Holodeck: Integrating Graphics, Sound, Character and Story, in Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Autonomous Agents, Montreal, Canada, June 2001 (PDF)
• J. Rickel, J. Gratch, R. Hill, S. Marsella, and W. Swartout. Steve Goes to Bosnia: Towards a New Generation of Virtual Humans for Interactive Experiences. In AAAI Spring Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Entertainment, Stanford University, CA, March 2001

Socially Situated Planning

• Hyeok-Soo Kim and Jonathan Gratch, "A Planner-Independent Collaborative Planning Assistant," in Proceedings of the Third International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, New York, New York, 2004. (PDF)
• Stacy Marsella, Jonathan Gratch and Jeff Rickel. Expressive Behaviors for Virtual Worlds. Life-like Characters Tools, Affective Functions and Applications. Helmut Prendinger and Mitsuru Ishizuka (Editors), Springer Cognitive Technologies Series, 2003
• Jonathan Gratch, "Socially Situated Planning," AAAI Fall Symposium on Socially Intelligent Agents - The Human in the Loop, North Falmouth, MA, November 2000 (postscript) (PDF)
• Jonathan Gratch, "Human-like behavior, alas, demands human-like intellect," Agents 2000 Workshop on Achieving Human-like Behavior in Interactive Animated Agents, Barcelona, Spain, June 2000
• Jonathan Gratch, "Reasoning about multiple plans in dynamic mulit-agent environments," in AAAI Fall Symposium on Distributed Continual Planning, Orlando, FL, 1998 (postscript)
• Jonathan Gratch, "Metaplanning for multiple agents," AIPS98 Workshop on Plan Execution, PA, 1998
• R. Hill, J. Gratch, P. Rosenbloom (2000). Flexible Group Behavior: Virtual Commanders for Synthetic Battlespaces. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Autonomous Agents, Barcelona, Spain, June 2000
• Jonathan Gratch, "How to Make Your Planner Rude: and Other Issues in Multi-agent Planning," draft article, (postscript)

Intelligent Agents

• Youngjun Kim, Randall Hill, and Jonathan Gratch, "How long can you look away from a target," Proceedings of the 9th Conference on Computer Generated Forces and Behavioral Representation, May 2000
• Randall Hill, Jonathan Gratch and Paul Rosenbloom, "Flexible group behavior: lessons learned building virtual commanders," Procedings of the 9th Conference on Computer Generated Forces and Behavioral Representation, May 2000
• Jonathan Gratch and Randall W. Hill, Jr., "Continuous Planning and Collaboration for Command and Control in Joint Synthetic Battlespaces," in Proceedings of the Eighth Conference on Computer Generated Forces and Behavioral Representation, 1999 (postscript)
• Randall Hill, Johnny Chen, Jonathan Gratch, Paul Rosenbloom, Milind Tambe, "Intelligent Agents for the Synthetic Battlefield," in "Joint proceedings of the Fourteenth National Conference on Artificial Intellignece and the Ninth Conference on Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI/IAAI97), Providence, RI, 1997, pp. 1006-1012 (postscript)
• Jonathan Gratch and Randy Hill, "Continuous Planning and Collaboration for Command and Control in Joint Synthetic Battlespaces," "Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Computer Generated Forces and Behavioral Representation, Orlando, FL, 1999
• Jonathan Gratch, Stacy Marsella, Randy Hill and LTC George Stone, "Deriving Priority Infomration Requirements for Synthetic Command Entities," "Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Computer Generated Forces and Behavioral Representation, Orlando, FL, 1999
• Randall Hill, Johnny Chen, Jonathan Gratch, Paul Rosenbloom, Milind Tambe, "Soar-RWA: Planning, teamwork, and intelligent behavior for synthetic rotary wing aircraft," in "Proceedings of the Seventh Conference on Computer Generated Forces and Behavioral Representation, Orlando, FL, 1998 (postscript)
• Jonathan Gratch, "Task-decomposition Planning for Command Decision Making," "Proceedings of the Sixth Conference on Computer Generated Forces and Behavioral Representation, Orlando, FL, 1996, pp. 37-45

Adaptive Problem Solving / Machine Learning

• Jonathan Gratch, "On Efficient Approaches to the Utlity Problem in Adaptive Problem Solving," Ph.D. Thesis, Report No. UIUCDCS-R-95-1916, 1995 (PDF)
• Jonathan Gratch and Gerald DeJong, "A Decision-theoretic Approach to Adaptive Problem Solving," "Artificial Intelligence, (88) 1-2, 1996, pp. 101-142 (postscript)
• Jonathan Gratch and Steve Chien, "Adaptive Problem-solving for Large-scale Scheduling Problems: A Case Study," "Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 4, 1996, pp. 365-396
• Jonathan Gratch, "Sequential Inductive Learning," "Proceedings of Thirteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI96), 1996, pp. 778-786
• Steve Chien, Jonathan Gratch, and Michael Burl, "On the Efficient Allocation of Resources for Hypothesis Evaluation: A Statistical Approach," " IEEE Transaction on Pattern Analysis and Machine Learning (PAMI), 17(4), 1995, pp. 652-665
• Jonathan Gratch, Steve Chien, and Gerald DeJong, "Improving Learning Performance Through Rational Resource Allocation," "Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI94), Seattle, WA, 1994, pp. 576-581

• Jonathan Gratch, Steve Chien, and Gerald DeJong, "Learning Search Control Knowledge for the Deep Space Network Scheduling Problem," "Proceedings of the Tenth International Machine Learning Conference (ML93), Amherst, MA, 1993, pp. 135-142 (postscript)
• Jonathan Gratch and Gerald DeJong, "COMPOSER: A Probabilistic Solution to the Utility Problem in Speed-up Learning," "Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI92), San Jose, CA, 1992, pp. 235-240
• Jonathan Gratch and Gerald DeJong, "An Analysis of Learning to Plan as a Search Problem," "Proceedings of the Ninth International Machine Learning Conference (ML92), Aberdeen, Scotland, 1992, pp. 178-188
• Jonathan Gratch and Gerald DeJong, "A Hybrid Approach to Guaranteed Effective Control Strategies," "Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on Machine Learning (ML91), Evanston, IL, 1991, pp. 509-513
• Jonathan Gratch and Steve Chien, "Active Learning for Adaptive scheduling: A Statistical Approach," "Proceedings of the AAAI Fall Symposium on Active Learning, Boston, MA, 1995, pp. 43-44
• Steve A. Chien and Jonathan Gratch, "Producing Satisficing Solutions to Scheduling Problems: an Iterative Constraint Relaxation Approach," "Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Planning Systems (AIPS94), Chicago, IL, 1994, pp. 78-87
• Jonathan Gratch, Gerald DeJong, and Steve Chien, "Deciding When and How to Learn," "Proceedings of the AAAI Spring Symposium on Goal-Driven Learning, Stanford, CA, 1994, pp. 36-45
• Steve Chien, Jonathan Gratch, and Michael Burl, "A Statistical Approach to Adaptive Problem-Solving for Large-Scale Scheduling and Resource Allocation Problems," "Proceedings of the AAAI Spring Symposium on Decision-Theoretic Planning, Stanford, CA, 1994, pp. 27-33
• Colin Bell and Jonathan Gratch, "Use of Lagrangian Relaxation and Machine Learning Techniques to Schedule Deep Space Network Data Transmissions," in "36th Joint National Meeting of the Operations Research Society of America, the Institute of Management Sciences, Phoenix, AZ, 1993
• Jonathan Gratch, Gerald DeJong, and Yuhong Yang, "Rational Learning: Finding a Balance Between Utility and Efficiency," in "Selecting Models from Data: Artificial Intelligence and Statistics IV, P. Cheeseman and R. W. Oldford (eds.), Springer-Verlag, 1994, pp. 11-20 (also appears in "Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics, 1993)
• Jonathan Gratch, Steve Chien, and Gerald DeJong, "Learning Search Control Knowledge to Improve Schedule Quality," "Proceedings of the 1993 Workshop on Knowledge-based Production Planning, Scheduling, and Control, Chamberry," France, 1993, pp. 159-168
• Jonathan Gratch and Gerald DeJong, "Assessing the Value of Information to Guide Learning Systems," "Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Knowledge Compilation and Speed-up Learning, Amherst, MA, 1993, pp 65-71
• Jonathan Gratch and Gerald DeJong, "A Framework of Simplifications in Learning to Plan," "Proceedings of the First International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Planning Systems (AIPS92), College Park, MD, 1992, pp. 78-87
• Jonathan Gratch and Gerald DeJong, "A Framework for Evaluating Search Control Strategies," "Proceedings of the Workshop on Innovative Approaches to Planning, Scheduling, and Control, San Diego, CA, 1990, pp. 337-34
• Michael Case, Jonathan Gratch, and Lee Quek, "A Component-Oriented Tool for the Development of Knowledge Systems," "Proceedings of the 1988 ASME International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exhibition, San Francisco, CA, 1988